Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS) is a rare, but serious bacterial infection that has been associated with tampon use. Although TSS is serious, it’s very treatable – especially when treated early. In rare cases, it can be fatal. The incidence has been unchanged since 1980s: only 0.7 in 100,000 menstruating women in the UK are affected.
What are the facts about Toxic Shock Syndrome?
Toxic Shock Syndrome is caused by bacteria, not tampons, specifically Staphylococcus aureus. In the 1980s, TSS became more well-known because it was associated with highly absorbent tampons (those highly absorbent tampons were quickly taken off the market). However, tampons aren’t required for TSS. You can get it while using pads or menstrual cups, or no period protection at all. Anyone can get TSS. Even men and children can get TSS, and only about half of TSS infections are related to menstruation. Some other ways people develop TSS include insect bites, skin infections, or surgery.
Is TSS rare?
Fortunately, Toxic Shock Syndrome is rare. To put it into perspective, you are more likely to die from being struck by lightning than you are from Toxic Shock Syndrome. There are also things you can do to prevent TSS. In a lightning storm, we take cover and get out of swimming pools. Similarly, there are things you can do to reduce your risk for TSS (keep reading to learn more!).
Who is at risk of Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS)?
TSS can affect anyone, including men, women, and children. It can occur in a variety of situations, including after childbirth, surgical infections, insect bites, burns, barrier contraceptives and menstruation.
What causes TSS?
Toxic Shock Syndrome is caused by a byproduct (TSST-1) produced by a bacterium - Staphylococcus aureus – that has gotten in your body.
Where in body could the bacterium causing TSS be found?
Staphylococcus aureus is commonly found in the vagina, but also in other warm, moist body areas, such as the nose or armpits. Most people have antibodies in their blood, protecting them from the toxin, if it is produced.
What are the signs and symptoms of Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS)?
- High temperature (fever) of 98.5°F or above
- Vomiting
- Sunburn-like rash
- Diarrhea
- Fainting or feeling faint
- Muscle aches
- Dizziness
- Confusion
- Breathing Difficulties
Consult your doctor at once if you, or anyone you know, has some of these symptoms and suspect TSS.
How can I reduce my risk of TSS?
- Using the lowest absorbency tampon you can to manage your flow.
- It’s recommended that you should change your tampon regularly – around every 4 to 6 hours depending on your flow.
- Knowing the symptoms. If you’re using a tampon and you experience any flu-like symptoms, take your tampon out and seek immediate medical attention, letting the medical professional know you’re worried you might have TSS.
Is it possible to get TSS more than once?
Unfortunately, yes. If you’ve had tampon-related Toxic Shock Syndrome in the past, you should consult with your doctor before using tampons. Most doctors recommend no tampon use if you’ve had TSS before.